Why Do Circuit Breakers Trip? How Air Switches Work

Overview of household wiring, air switch and RCD protection, and why breaker trips occur: overload, short circuit, undervoltage, or earth leakage.

Electrical Secondary Control Circuits Explained

Comparison of relays and contactors: both use electromagnetic switching, but contactors handle high currents for power circuits while relays suit low-current control circuits.

Five Misoperation-Prevention Logic in Substations

Guidelines for anti-misoperation devices and interlock logic to prevent five types of electrical misoperations: wrong switch operation, live grounding, and unauthorized access.

Key Functions of Energy Storage Inverters

Technical overview of energy storage inverter functions and performance, covering unbalanced output, seamless outage transfer, remote control, and protocol compatibility.

Ensuring Smart Meter Lifecycle Security

Examines smart meter security across manufacturing, installation, and operation, detailing mitigations—secure bootloader, hardware asymmetric cryptography—and ZEUS SoC.

What Is a Smart Grid?

Overview of smart grid architecture, key technologies and objectives: high-speed communication, advanced sensing, control, renewable energy integration, and system optimization.

Energy Conversion and Optimization in Smart Grids

Technical overview of smart grid architecture, energy conversion (generation, transmission, consumption) and optimization for stability, security, reliability, efficiency.

Why Modernize the Power Grid: Smart Grid Overview

Technical summary of smart grid and distributed energy integration: two-way communications, automated control, real-time monitoring, efficiency gains and cybersecurity trade-offs.

How Smart Grids Work and Wiring Requirements

Technical overview of smart grid systems covering key characteristics, operating principles and cabling requirements for reliable, secure, and low-carbon power networks.

Microgrid Energy Storage Systems

Microgrid energy storage systems overview: functions such as energy balancing, peak shaving, voltage/frequency stabilization, and bi-directional power flow for renewable microgrids.

Installation Steps and Precautions for Smart Meters

Smart meter installation guide: step-by-step wiring and power procedures, site selection, safety precautions, and data transfer requirements for reliable metering.

Smart Meter Installation and Operation

Guide to smart meter installation and wiring: steps for mounting, electrical and network connections, maintenance, and safe operation procedures for technicians.

Benefits and Drawbacks of Smart Meters

Overview of smart meter functionality, benefits, and trade-offs: accurate billing, real-time monitoring, remote readings, fault detection, network dependency, and privacy risks.

How to Read a Smart Electricity Meter

Guide to reading smart meters: view data via mobile app or TV, and apply CT ratio for CT-connected meters to compute accurate energy consumption.

Smart Grid Operation and Use Cases

Technical overview of smart grid concepts, operation, and applications, covering renewable integration, energy storage, intelligent sensing, data-driven control and microgrids.

Differences Between Smart Grids and Traditional Grids

Compare smart grid and traditional grid: definitions, architecture, reliability, efficiency, and integration of distributed generation and renewable energy.

Smart Grid: Key Characteristics and Advantages

Technical overview of smart grid concepts, functions and advantages, highlighting real-time monitoring, adaptive control and efficient energy dispatch.

Smart Grid Equipment and Main Functions

Overview of smart grid devices and functions, and new requirements for distribution networks including reliability, flexibility, sustainability, and security.

Smart Grid: Current Status and Future Trends

Technical overview of the smart grid, covering renewable energy integration, two?way communications, adaptive operation and data analytics for grid optimization.

How Smart Grids Work and Their Applications

Technical overview of smart grid architecture, functions and trends, covering real-time monitoring, control, distributed energy integration, storage and intelligent charging.