ALLPCB
Reliable communication at an emergency command site is essential, especially when faced with network, power, or route disruptions. Providing communications support for on-site personnel and equipment is a critical part of incident response. The main methods used to establish communication capability at emergency sites are outlined below.
1. Satellite communication
Satellite communication includes satellite phones and satellite internet. Satellite phones allow basic voice communication where there is satellite coverage, but they require line-of-sight to the satellite and are limited in obstructed or concealed locations. Emergency command vehicles and portable communication equipment can be fitted with high-throughput satellite terminals and satcom-on-the-move systems to provide internet access for moving vehicles. Deploying satellite internet connects field equipment to the rear command center and helps eliminate isolated communication islands.
2. 5G private networks
5G private networks provide high-speed connectivity for emergency sites. By deploying dedicated 5G base stations, a local 5G network can be restored within a limited area so on-site systems and equipment can transmit data over 5G. Coverage is generally limited and often provided from a command vehicle. Satellite links are commonly used alongside 5G to connect the local network to backend systems.
3. Broadband mesh networks
Broadband mesh is a mesh networking technology that can be deployed using portable, personnel-carried nodes to extend broadband coverage into complex terrain and confined spaces. Mesh nodes form ad hoc links to route data across the site without relying on fixed infrastructure.
4. Narrowband trunked radio
Narrowband trunked radio is the foundational critical-communications method for emergency response. Handheld radios are mature in terms of operating conditions, coverage, and resistance to interference compared with most other systems. Even when other networks are unavailable, radios can provide basic voice communications. Deploying trunking base stations, repeaters, and relays on site can quickly extend radio range and enable services such as personnel positioning, fall detection alerts, and short messaging.
In summary, satellite communication, 5G private networks, broadband mesh, and narrowband trunked radio are the primary methods used to build communication capability at emergency sites. Additional auxiliary measures may be used depending on the incident and terrain. Ensuring clear and reliable communication among personnel and equipment remains a critical requirement for effective emergency response.
