3GPP NTN RF Standards Overview

Overview of 3GPP NTN RF standards covering IoT-NTN and NR-NTN, satellite payload modes (transparent and regenerative), SAN/UE RF requirements and conformance tests.

5G Low-Band vs High-Band and mmWave Frequency Ranges

5G millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequency overview (~24-100 GHz), common bands, and technical differences vs Sub-6 GHz in range, penetration, and capacity.

3GPP Global 5G Spectrum Overview

Overview of 5G spectrum: FR1/FR2 band characteristics, spectrum refarming, licensing models, and dynamic spectrum sharing considerations for deployments.

S7 Protocol Overview and PROFINET Differences

Technical comparison of Modbus TCP and Ethernet, differences between S7 and PROFINET, and an S7 protocol layer overview for industrial automation engineers.

How 5G-R Differs from GSM-R and Public 5G

Technical overview of 5G-R for China State Railway: MIIT trial 2100 MHz spectrum allocation, private network architecture, edge computing and network slicing.

Equipment Needed to Build a 5G Base Station

Overview of 5G base station equipment, components, and layered architecture covering antenna systems, RRU/BBU functions, transmission, power, and monitoring.

Android Adds Official RISC-V Support

Android adds RISC-V support: AOSP/riscv64 bootstraps with rva22, vector and vector-cryptography extensions; ART backend, NDK ABI and simulator roadmap.

5G Network Interfaces Overview

Technical overview of 5G network interfaces, covering radio and core protocols, NG-RAN/NG-Core interactions, key functions (AMF, SMF, UPF) and LDPC coding.

Why Phones Connect Directly to Satellites

Technical overview of phone-to-satellite solutions, Tiantong system timeline, and trade-offs between dual-mode terminals, space base stations, and 3GPP NTN.

How 5G Differs from 4G and Data Speed Implications

Technical comparison of 5G and 4G networks: differences in speed, capacity, latency, and connection density, and how deployment affects real-world throughput.